For a patient with moderate TBI, the head of the bed should be elevated to which range to prevent aspiration?

• A. 0 degrees
• B. 30-45 degrees
• C. 60-90 degrees
• D. 15 degrees

Answer: (B)

Elevating the head of the bed to a moderate incline helps prevent aspiration by using gravity to keep gastric contents away from the airway and by supporting better airway protection when swallowing may be impaired after a brain injury. It also aids venous drainage from the brain, helping to keep intracranial pressure in a safer range. The commonly recommended range for this purpose is about 30 to 45 degrees, which provides airway protection without compromising cerebral perfusion.

A flat position increases aspiration risk; a very low elevation (like 15 degrees) may not adequately reduce reflux or aspiration risk; and too steep an angle (60–90 degrees) can cause discomfort, potential hemodynamic changes, and does not add benefit for aspiration prevention beyond the moderate incline.