Which tools are used to monitor cognitive and functional outcomes after TBI?

• A. Only CT scans
• B. Blood tests for glucose levels
• C. Electroencephalography (EEG) alone
• D. Neuropsychological testing, functional independence measures (FIM), vocational metrics, mood and behavior scales

Answer: (D)

Monitoring cognitive and functional outcomes after a TBI relies on tools that quantify thinking skills and everyday functioning over time, not just imaging or lab values. CT scans are crucial early on to identify structural injury, but they don’t track how thinking and daily activities change during rehabilitation. Blood glucose checks aren’t designed to measure cognitive recovery or functional independence. EEG can reveal seizures or broad brain dysfunction, yet it doesn’t provide the full picture of cognitive domains or how a person performs in daily life. The strongest approach uses neuropsychological testing to assess memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function; functional independence measures to gauge independence in daily tasks; vocational metrics to track work-related functioning; and mood and behavior scales to capture emotional and behavioral changes that influence recovery. Together, these tools create a comprehensive view of recovery and inform targeted rehabilitation plans.